Max_connections sets exactly that: the maximum number of client connections allowed. The usual approach is to set it to listen to all addresses like this:Īnd then control who can and cannot connect via the pg_hba.conf file. If you want your server to be accessible from other systems via standard TCP/IP networking, you need to change listen_addresses from its default. pgMustard provides tuning advice based on EXPLAIN ANALYZE output.īy default, PostgreSQL only responds to connections from the local host.PgBadger analyse PostgreSQL logs to generate performance reports.The script can analyze the configuration and make tuning recommendations.dbForge Studio for PostgreSQL helps to identify productivity bottlenecks, and provides PostgreSQL performance tuning.SELECT * FROM pg_settings will label session specific changes as locally modified.SHOW ALL, SHOW will show you the current value of the setting.For a new database, this will mean the setting is using the default, but on running systems this may not hold true! Changes to the configuration files do not take effect without a reload/restart, so it's possible for the system to be running something different from what is in the file. Lines with # are comments and have no effect.It will generally be $PGDATA/nf ( SHOW data_directory), but watch out for symbolic links, postmaster.opts and other trickiness You can figure out the nf location with SHOW config_file. If the same setting is listed multiple times, the last one wins.Command line options override settings override nf settings.Important notes about configuration files You can tell which type of parameter a setting is by looking at the "context" field in the pg_settings view. Most of the time you'll only use the first of these, but the second can be useful if you have a server you don't want to take down, while the user session settings can be helpful for some special situations. Superuser: can be set at runtime for the server by superusers.Backend: settings which must be set before session start.Internal: set at compile time, can't be changed, mainly for reference.User: can be set within individual sessions, take effect only within that session.Sighup: requires a HUP of the server, either by kill -HUP (usually -1), pg_ctl reload, or SELECT pg_reload_conf().PostgreSQL settings have different levels of flexibility for when they can be changed, usually related to internal code restrictions. Lists: A comma separated list of strings ('"$user",public,tsearch2).ENUMs: Strings, but from a specific list ('WARNING', 'ERROR').Sometimes the unit is left out don't do that Avoid integers-you need to know the underlying unit to figure out what they mean. There are several different types of configuration settings, divided up based on the possible inputs they take The specific options available change from release to release, the definitive list is in the source code at src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c for your version of PostgreSQL (but the pg_settings view works well enough for most purposes). PostgreSQL settings can be manipulated a number of different ways, but generally you will want them changed in your configuration files, either directly or, starting with PostgreSQL 9.4, through ALTER SYSTEM. There is also additional information available about many of these parameters, as well as a list of parameters you shouldn't adjust, at Server Configuration Tuning.īackground Information on Configuration Settings You should click on the name of the parameter in each section to jump to the relevant documentation in the PostgreSQL manual for more details after reading the quick intro here. Rather than get dragged into the details of everything you should eventually know (which you can find if you want it at the GUC Three Hour Tour), here we're going to sprint through a simplified view of the basics, with a look at the most common things people new to PostgreSQL aren't aware of. Odds are good the default parameters are very undersized for your system. PostgreSQL ships with a basic configuration tuned for wide compatibility rather than performance. By Greg Smith, Robert Treat, and Christopher Browne
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